Mastering

The question I get asked most often when it comes to mastering jobs is: "How much headroom should I leave?"

Short answer: Produce in 24 bit and don't worry about headroom. Make sure that individual tracks and bus tracks do not overload. As does the sum (master track). It is also important that no limiters that influence the natural level behavior are activated, which reduce the levels of tracks or bus tracks that would otherwise cut to 0dBFS or overdrive.

Of course, there may not be any active inserts on the master track that have an editing function!!!
Whether I leave 1dB or 15dB headroom doesn't matter to me because I adapt the files to my needs.

If you would like a more precise answer, you are welcome to read the Production Recommendations page, where I discuss the optimal control in the production steps.

If you can only deliver in 16 bits, try to set it as high as possible without causing clipping.

Please send me your files as a WAV file. 44.1 kHz / 24 bit would be optimal.
What's even more important is that you send me the files in the original sample rate and bit depth that were used in production.

If you are aiming for a format with higher sampling rates (Hi-Res), the standards are 192 kHz / 24 bit. But here too, send me the files in the original sampling rate and bit depth.

The same applies to vinyl here are the delivery standards: 96kHz / 24Bit

Film, TV, cinema: 48kHz / 24bit